Sunday, July 29, 2012
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Natural
gas is used in industry and household to provide heating energy. It is
explored from gas well, treated transported to customer via large and
long pipeline. It is become non-cost effective once the pipeline length
is exceeded 3000 - 3500 km. Thus, another mode of transportation,
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is considered cost effective. Liquefied
Natural gas (LNG) is a process of cooling down the natural gas to form
liquid for easy storage and transportation. A LNG is normally contains
of Methane (CH4) which is more than 90% and other light hydrocarbon such
as Ethane (C2H6), Propane (C3H8), Butane (C4H10) and Nitrogen (N2)
inert gas. LNG is non-corrosive, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, odorless
and colorless. However, it is flammable and explosive and create
greenhouse effect to environment.
Following is an simple development milestones for LNG since 19th century
| Year | Event | Remark |
| 19th Century |
Michael Faraday, a British Scientist liquefying various gases (including natural gas) in laboratory
| |
| 1873 | Karl Von Linde, a German engineer build 1st practical compressor refrigeration machine in Munich | |
| 1912 | 1st LNG plant is built in West Virginia | |
| 1914 | 1st (U.S.) patent awarded for LNG handling/shipping to Godfrey Cabot | |
| 1917 | Start operation of 1st LNG plant in West Virginia | |
| 1941 | 1st commercial LNG plant is built in Cleveland, Ohio | 2000 tpa |
| 1944 | At an LNG peak-shaving plant in Cleveland, an LNG storage tank with a low Nickel steel content (only 3.5%) fails. LNG spills into a sewer. Explosion within the sewer kills 128 people | |
| 1959 | World 1st LNG tanker "The Methane Pioneer", safely carries LNG from Lake Charles, LA., to Canvey Island, United Kingdom, initiating commercial LNG shipping. | 2000 tonnes LNG |
| 1960 | Conch International Methane conducts pioneering series of experiments involving small-scale LNG spills on land at Lake Charles, LA for U.S. Bureau of Mines. | |
| 1964 | 1st baseload LNG plant (CAMEL) in Algeria used Technip/Air Liquide's Cascade liquefaction process (three loops i.e. Propane, Ethylene & Methane) and Steam turbine to drive compressors The British Gas Council begins importing LNG from Algeria, making the United Kingdom the world's 1st LNG importer and Algeria as its first exporter. | 3-trains with capacity of 1 mtpa, located in in Arzew, Algeria |
| 1967 | National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) adopts its first LNG safety standards, NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of LNG. | |
| 1969 | 1st LNG plant (Kenai, Alaska) used Phillips Cascade liquefaction technology and 1st to use gas turbine (single shaft) 1st LNG cargoes from Alaska to Japan (world largest LNG importer) | 1.5 mtpa in single train |
| 1970 | 1st LNG plant in Marsa El Brega, Libya used APCI's SMR liquefaction technology | 0.75 mtpa per trains |
| 1971 | Distrigas Corporation opens an LNG receiving and regasification terminal in Everett, MA. | |
| 1972 | 1st LNG baseload plant used APCI's C3MR liquefaction technology in BLNG 1st LNG plant used Technip 's Tealarc two pressure SMR technology in Skikda, Algeria 1st US federal LNG safety regulations adopted, incorporating NFPA 59A standards. | Skikda - 3 trains of 1 mtpa |
| 1986 | South Korea receives its 1st LNG shipment (from Indonesia). | |
| 1989 | 1st LNG plant (NWS) adopting Air-Cooling | |
| 1990 | Taiwan’s 1st LNG terminal receives a shipment from Indonesia. | |
| 1991 | 1st LNG deliveries from Australia’s North West Shelf (NWS) arrive in Japan and South Korea. | |
| 1995 | 1st LNG plant adopting Gas turbine GE Frame 6/7 | |
| 1999 | 1st LNG plant in West Hemisphere (Trinidad) | |
| 2000 | 1st peak shaving LNG plant in Pudong, Shanghai, China | |
| 2004 | The 1st offshore LNG terminal is approved, Port Pelican. Explosions and fire destroy a portion of the LNG liquefaction plant in Skikda, Algeria, killing 27 people. | |
| 2007 | 1st LNG plant use Linde's Multi Fluid Cascade Cycle (MFCC) technology (Snohvit, Norway) | 4.1 mtpa |
| 2009 | 1st LNG plant use Shell's DMR technology (Sakhalin, Russia) | 2 trains of 4.8 mtpa |
| 2011 | Qatar becomes world largest LNG exporter (using APCI's AP-X technology and gas turbine GE Frame 9E) | 6 trains of 7.8 mtpa |
| Dec 2016 | Petronas FLNG SATU - World 1st Mid scale FLNG (with N2 refrigeration cycle) comes on stream.(Kanowit gas field offshore Sarawak, Malaysia.) | 1.2 mtpa |
| March 2018 | Golar Hilli Episeyo FLNG, 1st FLNG (with PRICO SMR refrigeration process) converted from Moss LNG carrier, come on stream. (offshore Kribi in Cameroon) | 4 x 0.5 mtpa |
| March 2018 | Yamal LNG plant in Russian Arctic area in operation | 5.5 mtpa |
| 2018 | World 1st large FLNG expected to comes on stream | 3.6 mtpa |
3) "Next Generation Onshore LNG plant design", Marjan et.al
4) "Liquefaction Technology : Developments through History", Paul Bosma et.al.
5) "Shell and Petronas to race on Floating LNG"
4) "Liquefaction Technology : Developments through History", Paul Bosma et.al.
5) "Shell and Petronas to race on Floating LNG"
| Featured Resources: | |
 | LNG Industry Provides global coverage of the entire LNG value chain.... >> |
Labels: LNG
posted by Webworm, 4:49 AM
3 Comments:
Hii, hope you are doing good.I want know one thing , does this industry use Paddlewheel Flowmeters or not?
Great blog.
Thanks for sharing informative content. It is such a valuable information for us.
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Your Content is very useful for people thanks for sharing.
please keep it up.
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