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Chemical Process Technology

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Wednesday, January 14, 2009

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Stainless steel is one type of material commonly used in oil & gas, refinery, petrochemical, pharmaceutical industries. Stainless steel is a material does not stain and corrosion resistance to many fluids. Stainless steel is rather "soft" and infact it is a cavitation resistance material. This has been discussed in "Stainless Steel SS316 resist to CAVITATION ?".

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Although Stainless steel is corrosion resistance to many corrosive fluids by formation of protective oxide film, it is still susceptible to pitting corrosion, one of the most destructive forms of corrosion which potentially cause equipment failures on perforation / penetration as discussed in "Pitting Corrosion - Mechanism & Prevention".

Beside pitting corrosion, stainless steel also susceptible to Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (CSCC) as discussed in "Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking & Use correct MOC for seawater service". CSCC is initiation and propagation of cracks in a metal or alloy under tensile stresses and a corrosive environment contains Chloride compounds. Once the crack is initiated, it will propagate rapidly and potentially lead to catastrophic failure. There are more discussion on stainless steel can be found here.

Dr. David Jenkinson, Director of Nickel Institute has produced a series online training modules on "An Introduction to Selection of Stainless Steels for Corrosion Resistance". The online training modules are in audio format which can be read while listen to the explanation. Visual plus audio will quickly assist engineers in understanding the contents.

Click here to begin learning Stainless Steel and It Selection.

Following are complete listing of training module for Stainless Steel and It Selection.

01 - Disclaimer
02 - Module Abstract
03 - Module Information
04 - Chemical Symbols
05 - What Will We Cover?
06 - What Will We Cover? - What is Stainless Steel?
07 - How Stainless Steel Works
08 - Chromium is the Basic Building Block of Stainless Steels
09 - Damage to the Protective Oxide Film
10 - Penetration of the Protective Oxide Film
11 - Corrosion of Embedded Iron in a Stainless Steel Pipe Bend
12 - The protective passive film can be damaged mechanically or chemically in various ways.
13 - What Will We Cover? - Effect of Alloying Additions
14 - Effect of Alloying Additions
15 - 1. Corrosion Resistance
16 - Effect of Alloying Elements on Corrorsion Resistance - Chromium
17 - Effect of Chromium on Atmospheric Corrosion of Steels
18 - Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PRE)
19 - Effect of Alloying Elements on Corrosion Resistance - Nickel
20 - Addition of Nickel
21 - Nickel Provides Resistance to Reducing Chemicals
22 - Effect of Alloying Elements on Corrorsion Resistance - Molybdenum
23 - Effect of Alloying Elements on Corrorsion Resistance - Nitrogen
24 - Effect of Alloying Elements on Corrorsion Resistance - Carbon
25 - Hibernia Oil Production Platform
26 - 2. Crystal Structure
27 - Ferritic Stainless Steels
28 - Adding Nickel to Stainless Steels
29 - Austenitic Stainless Steel
30 - Duplex Stainless Steels
31 - List of Ferrite & Austenite Formers
32 - When Choosing a Stainless Steel
33 - What Will We Cover? - Families of Stainless Steels
34 - Families of Stainless Steels
35 - Ferritic Stainless Steels
36 - Typical Compositions of Common Stainless Steels
37 - Type 409 is hte most widely used ferritic stainless steel.
38 - Proprietary Grades
39 - Dishwashers
40 - Stainless Steel Refrigerators
41 - Hot Water Tank
42 - Austenitic Stainless Steels
43 - Typical Compositions of Common Stainless Steels
44 - Domestic Kitchen Sink
45 - Parliament House, Canberra, Australia
46 - Type 304 Stainless Steel Beer Kegs
47 - Chemical Plant
48 - Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum
49 - Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
50 - Duplex Stainless Steels
51 - Typical Compositions of Common Stainless Steels
52 - Type 316LN Stainless Steel - Example
53 - Pressurized Peroxide Reactor
54 - Stainless Steel Meat Racks
55 - Elevator Tower
56 - Families of Stainless Steels
57 - Martensitic Stainless Steels
58 - Typical Compositions of Common Stainless Steels
59 - Stainless Steel Products - Examples
60 - Martensitic Stainless Steel Blades
61 - Precipitation Hardening (PH) Stainless Steels
62 - Typical Compositions of Common Stainless Steels
63 - High Strength S45000 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
64 - What Will We Cover? - Maximizing Corrosion Resistance
65 - Corrosion of Carbon Steel
66 - General Corrosion
67 - Localized Corrosion
68 - Pitting
69 - Once it gets started, pitting is difficult to stop and to repair.
70 - PRE Numbers for Some Ferritic, Austenitic & Duplex Grades
71 - Pitting Corrosion - Effect of Temperature and Chloride Level
72 - Crevice Corrosion
73 - Crevice Corrosion - Example
74 - Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
75 - Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking - Example
76 - Copson Curve
77 - Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking - Effect of Temperature and Chloride Level
78 - What Will We Cover? - High Performance Stainless Steels
79 - High Performance Stainless Steels
80 - Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance
81 - Three Families of High Performance Stainless Steels
82 - PRE Numbers for Some Ferritic, Austenitic & Duplex Grades
83 - Immersed in Seawater Without Cathodic Protection
84 - Heat Exchanger
85 - Flexible Hosing
86 - Heat Exchanger for Aggressive Chloride Service
87 - Zeron 100 Fittings
88 - Condenser Tubes
89 - What Will We Cover? - Nickel Alloys
90 - More Resistant Alloys
91 - Nickel Alloys
92 - Alloy C-276
93 - Summary

Further Reading

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